RESEARCH ARTICLE

Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 34 (2) June 2022, p. 380-393

EFFECT OF SODIUM CASEINATE/CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS ADDITION ON THE PHYSICAL AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF RED PALM OLEIN-IN-WATER PICKERING EMULSIONS

SEE KIAT WONG1; CHIEN LYE CHEW1,2; JANARTHANAN SUPRAMANIAM1; BENG TI TEY1,3; TIN WUI WONG4 and SIAH YING TANG1,3,5*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2021.0049
Received: 17 March 2021   Accepted: 1 October 2021   Published Online: 3 December 2021
ABSTRACT

This work investigated the use of a dual biopolymer system containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and sodium caseinate (SC) for red palm olein-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsion stabilisation. The effect of CNC particle concentration at a constant amount of SC on emulsion properties was particularly studied. The resultant mixed biopolymer-based emulsions were characterised for droplet size distribution, zeta potential, creaming index and microstructure, as well as primary and secondary oxidation products by oxidation tests at 90˚C. Results showed that creaming stability was relatively high for SC/CNC-stabilised emulsions compared to emulsions prepared with SC alone. Increasing CNC concentration from 0.25% to 1.00% (w/v) resulted in a gradual decrease in emulsion droplet size with increased surface negative charges. Higher CNC content induced a marked reduction in the lipid oxidation of SC/CNC-stabilised emulsions. The mixed SC/CNC biopolymer significantly improved the carotene retention of emulsions during the accelerated oxidation test. Emulsions comprising 1.00% SC and 1.00% CNC presented the highest negative surface charge, lowest peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), free fatty acid (FFA) value, and total oxidation value (TOTOX). The use of CNC imparted beneficial effects on reducing lipid oxidation and enhancing the stability of palm-based O/W emulsions stabilised by SC.

KEYWORDS:


1 Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering,
Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan,
Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

2 Sime Darby Research, R&D Centre, Carey Island,
Lot 2664, Jalan Pulau Carey, 42960 Carey Island,
Selangor, Malaysia.

3 Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering,
Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan,
Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

4 Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research
Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia.

5 Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science,
Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan,
Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author email: patrick.tang@monash.edu