RESEARCH ARTICLE

Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 25 (1) April 2013, p. 1-8

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF THE BAGWORMS Pteroma pendula AND Metisa plana (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE)

YUSOF Ibrahim * ; HO Cheng Tuck** ; KHOO Khay Chong**

ABSTRACT

The effects of temperature on the development and survival of Pteroma pendula and Metisa plana was investigated over a range of temperatures in the laboratory. Pteroma pendula and M. plana were able to complete their life cycles at temperatures between 20°C-35°C but did not survive at 15°C and 40°C. The duration of life stages of P. pendula significantly decreased with increases in temperature with optimum survival of between 25°C and 30°C, while the highest was at 30°C. In the case of M. plana, except for survivorship of male pupae with five instars at 79% at 25°C, the optimum survivorship was around 30°C for all other life stages. The temperature threshold for P. pendula life stages was 11°C-18°C, while that of M. plana ranged from 2°C-16°C; when subdivided, a threshold of 2°C-8°C was recorded for the egg to adult stages and 9°C-16°C for the egg and larval stages. Thermal constant for P. pendula was 80.3°d, 443.0°d, 566.3°d, 47.5°d, 33.9°d for eggs, female larvae, male larvae, female pupae and male pupae, respectively. Overall egg to female and male adult emergence required 544.0°d and 761.3°d to complete. For M. plana, the readings were 555°d-1083°d for the larval stages, 69°d-200°d for eggs and pupae, while the egg to adult stages recorded the highest at 1440°d-2134°d. Both species recorded significantly highest temperature of 30°C for adult female weight, fecundity and R0 with the most favourable values of T, DT, rc, rm and λ recorded at 35°C.

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* Department of Agricultural Science,
Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education,
Sultan Idris Education University,
35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
E-mail: yusofib@yahoo.com

** CABI Southeast and East Asia Regional Centre,
P. O. Box 210, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.