RESEARCH ARTICLE

Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 32 (2) June 2020, p. 258-270

IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROPHILIC PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM PALM OIL PRODUCTS

FADZLINA ABDULLAH* and NUR AAINAA SYAHIRAH RAMLI*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2020.0020
Published Online: 28 April 2020
ABSTRACT

Palm oil is a source of water-soluble phenolic compounds, which have been proven to exhibit antioxidant effects. Phenolic compounds have great potential in the development of health-beneficial foods, feeds, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. In this study, hydrophilic phenolic compounds were extracted from various palm oil products including crude palm oil (CPO), refined palm oil (RPO), refined palm olein (RPOo), crude palm kernel oil (CPKO), refined palm kernel oil (RPKO) and refined palm kernel olein (RPKOo). A simple reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with ultra violet (UV)visible detector was used to identify the phenolic compounds. The phenolic acids identified were benzoic acid derivatives; gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and syringic acids, and cinnamic acid derivatives; caffeic, coumaric and ferulic acids. Benzoic acid derivatives exhibited higher concentration compared to cinnamic acid derivatives, with p-hydroxybenzoic acid being the predominant acid present in all sample extracts. The results suggested the presence of hydrophilic phenolics, with p-hydroxybenzoic level in palm oil products; CPO (1901.69 mg kg-1), RPO (19.13 mg kg-1), RPOo (7.87 mg kg-1), CPKO (1701.70 mg kg-1), RPKO (5.01 mg kg-1), and RPKOo (nil). The profiling of phenolic compounds in the palm oil products would provide basic information and understanding of their bioactivities. Besides, the potential of phenolics from palm oil products extracts as antioxidants can be further evaluated.

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* Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail: fadzlina@mpob.gov.my