Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women globally. The anti-cancer effects of various forms of vitamin E from palm oil [tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF): natural form of vitamin E complex in palm oil, tocotrienol-enriched fraction (TEF), and major vitamin E homologues in palm oil: a-tocopherol (aToc) and tocotrienols (T3) (a, d or g)] were tested on two human breast cancer cell lines [MDA-MB-231 (triple negative) and MCF-7 (oestrogen-dependent)]. Chronic inflammation plays a key role in tumourigenesis. Both cell lines used express high levels of poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2), which are key mediators of inflammation. Tocotrienols exerted marked anti-proliferative by promoting apoptosis in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. In addition, T3 also induced time-dependent inactivation of PARP-1 as well as inhibited expression of COX-2 in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The rate of T3 uptake was found to be comparable to the anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities observed. In conclusion, T3 induced marked anti-proliferative (p<0.05) and pro-apoptotic (p<0.05) effects, which were most l

Opera Snapshot_2021-03-25_073939_jopr.mpob.gov.my

Opera Snapshot_2021-03-25_073919_jopr.mpob.gov.my

Opera Snapshot_2021-03-25_073902_jopr.mpob.gov.my

Opera Snapshot_2021-03-25_073844_jopr.mpob.gov.my

Opera Snapshot_2021-03-25_073826_jopr.mpob.gov.my