RESEARCH ARTICLE

Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 8 No. 2, December 1996, p. 92-103

RAPID CALLUS PROLIFERATION, SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND ORGANOGENESIS OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis JACQ.)

SOGEKE, A. K.*

ABSTRACT

Modified Eeuwens (1976) medium containing 5mg/l NAA (Y3(3A))promoted the fast growth of callus tissues of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. at the first passage. Subsequent passages of the cultures on Y3(3A) produced callus nodules, green embryoid nodules and few plantlets but callus nodules were predominant. Spontaneous somatic embryogenesis of the callus tissues was stimulated at the first passage on DM(1) which was the modified Eeuwens (1976) basic medium (Y3(0)) supplemented with NAA (0.5mg/l) and Kinetin (2.0mg/l). Embryoids were also obtained from callus on the initiation medium (Y3(3)) and the maintenance medium (Y3(3A)). Subsequent passages on DM(1) resulted in the formation of more green embryoid nodules, leaf primordia, well developed leaves, roots and plantlets. Furthermore, the transfer of the embryogenic tissues from Y3(3A) and DM(1) media to Y3(0) enhanced the production of more plantlets. Also, the formation of adventitious roots by shoots and plantlets was stimulated on the Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) as modified by Hyndman et al. (1982). Pneumathode-like structures were occassionally observed in the callus cultures particularly on the explant with callus. The plantlets have subsequently been planted in the field where they are growing satisfactorily.

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* Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR),
PMB 1030, Benin City, Nigeria.