https://jopr.mpob.gov.my Tue, 02 Sep 2025 08:25:21 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/spray-coverage-and-effectiveness-of-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-point-topoint-spraying-technology-for-the-control-of-oryctes-rhinoceros-in-immature-oil-palm/ Tue, 02 Sep 2025 08:25:21 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/?p=14786 The study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of spray coverage and the effect of spraying in controlling Oryctes rhinoceros beetle (ORB) in immature oil palm using an unmanned aerial vehicle point-to-point (UAVPTP) sprayer. The UAVPTP sprayer was compared to the semi-mechanised FM ORYCT sprayer and the INTER knapsack sprayer. The water-sensitive paper was used as a sampler to determine spray coverage and droplet density and was statistically analysed. Spray volume per palm was determined via a special calibration method, and fresh damage incidences of ORB attack before and after treatment of cypermethrin insecticide using the UAVPTP were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the treatments. The results showed that the spray coverage of UAVPTP at the targeted spears and first spiral of fronds reached a satisfactory level of above 80%. No significant differences were observed in the fresh damage of ORB (F_5,6 =0.85, p>0.05(1st-year-flat); F_5,6 =2.34, p>0.05 (1st-yr-terrace); F_5,6 = 0.67, p>0.05 (2nd-yr-flat); F_5,6 = 1.92, p>0.05 (2nd-yr-terrace)) upon treatments of cypermethrin between the UAVPTP sprayer, FM ORYCT semi-mechanised sprayer or INTER knapsack sprayer after six rounds of spraying treatment at all types of field terrains. The study results provide the theoretical basis and technical support for decision-making in using the UAVPTP sprayer in immature oil palms.

]]> https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/effect-of-bacillus-thuringiensis-terakil-1-and-teracon-1-against-oil-palm-pollinator-elaeidobius-kamerunicus-and-beneficial-insects-associated-with-cassia-cobanensis/ Sat, 13 Nov 2021 15:28:52 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/V2/?p=9281 A laboratory study on the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) product, Terakil-1^® and Teracon-1^® on oil palm pollinating weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus and beneficial insects such as predators and parasitoids was studied to evaluate the safety and specificity of Bt product against non-target organisms in particular the beneficial insects as compared to chemical. The male spikelets were sprayed with Terakil-1^® and Teracon-1^® at different doses, ranging from 3.7×107 cfu ml^-1 3.7×1011 cfu ml^-1 and 0.1124 μg ml^-1 – 1124 μg ml^-1, respectively. At five days after treatment (DAT), Terakil-1^® and Teracon-1^® being target specific at dose of C5, 3.7×1011 cfu ml^-1 and 11.24 μg ml^-1, resulted in 21% and 25% mortality of beneficial insects, respectively. Whereas, at seven DAT, Terakil-1^® and Teracon-1^® being a safe Bt products at dose of C5, 3.7×1011 cfu ml^-1 and 11.24 μg ml-1, resulted in 22% and 23% corrected mortality of beneficial insects, respectively. Cypermethrin at 5.5% w/w as a chemical control led to 100% corrected mortality of beneficial insects at five DAT. As for oil palm pollinating weevil, E. kamerunicus, Terakil-1^® and Teracon-1^® being a safe and environmental-friendly products, each resulted in 26% and 33% mortality of E. kamerunicus at seven DAT at 100-fold higher dose than the recommended dose of C3, 3.7×109 cfu ml^-1 and 11.24 μg ml^-1. Whereas, at seven DAT, Terakil-1^® and Teracon-1^® being a safe Bt products at dose of C5, 3.7×1011 cfu ml^-1 and 1124 μg ml^-1, resulted in 14% and 16% corrected mortality of E. kamerunicus, respectively. At five to seven DAT, the mean mortality of the adult E. kamerunicus subjected to the five different doses, 3.7x107cfu ml^-1 to 3.7×1011 cfu ml^-1 and 0.1124 μg ml^-1 – 1124 μg ml^-1 of Terakil-1^® and Teracon-1^®, respectively was not significantly different at P=0.05 when tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, implying that even at very high doses, Bt products were equally safe to the weevils. Cypermethrin was significantly toxic to pollinating weevils as compared to high doses of Terakil-1^® and Teracon-1^®. Unlike chemicals, B. thuringiensis, Terakil-1^® and Teracon-1^® were found to be safe for beneficial insects under the oil palm and is therefore recommended for integrated control of bagworm under oil palm.

]]> https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/effect-of-bt-products-lepcon-1-bafog-1s-and-ecobac-1ec-against-the-oil-palm-pollinating-weevil-elaeidobius-kamerunucus-and-beneficial-insects-associated-with-cassia-cobanensis/ Sat, 13 Nov 2021 08:03:40 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/V2/?p=9032 The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis products, Lepcon-1, Bafog-1 (S) and Ecobac-1 (EC), on the oil palm pollinating weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus, and beneficial insects, especially parasitoids, were studied. For pollinating weevils, oil palm male spikelets with weevils were treated by spraying with Lepcon-1 and Ecobac-1 (EC) at five different concentrations, ranging from 5.2 x 107 to 5.2 x 10¹¹ cfu ml^-1 for Lepcon-1, and 7.34 x 107 to 7.34 x 1011 cfu ml^-1 for Ecobac-1 (EC). For Bafog-1 (S), male spikelets with weevils were fogged at a dose of 7.7 x 10¹¹ cfu ml^-1. The Bt products Lepcon-1, Bafog-1 (S) and Ecobac-1 (EC) were safe for E. kamerunicus. Direct spraying of Lepcon-1, Bafog-1 (S) and Ecobac-1 (EC) at the highest concentrations caused 13%, 10% and 11% corrected mortality at nine days after treatment (DAT), respectively. Cypermethrin was toxic to the pollinating weevils as it killed 100% of the weevils at as early as five DAT. Lepcon-1, Bafog-1 (S) and Ecobac-1 (EC) were also harmless to beneficial insects. Application of these products by spraying at the highest concentrations resulted in low mortality of the beneficial insects, ranging from 8% to 13%. Cypermethrin was toxic to the parasitoids as spraying of the chemical at 7.5% w/w killed 100% of the beneficial insects at as early as five DAT. The laboratory study showed that Lepcon-1, Bafog-1 (S) and Ecobac-1 (EC) were safe for the oil palm pollinating weevils and beneficial insects and, therefore, they are recommended for use in the integrated control of bagworms in oil palm.

]]>