https://jopr.mpob.gov.my Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:48:47 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/delving-into-the-synergistic-behaviours-of-tribological-additives-in-mineral-and-vegetable-oils-via-thermodynamic-analysis/ Wed, 19 Feb 2025 10:50:48 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/?p=14132 This study presents a comprehensive thermodynamic modelling and analysis to enhance lubrication assessment in tribotests, focusing on ASTM D2783 extreme pressure (EP) and ASTM D4172 anti-wear (AW) tests. The model facilitates the identification of optimal high-performance lubrication and synergistic additive combinations, even for lubricants yielding similar test results. A case study evaluates 36 lubricant samples, including mineral oil, vegetable oil, and blends. Rooted in the entropy balance, the model employs the dissipative coefficient Uw to simulate friction-wear interplay, providing insights into wear conditions, lubrication mechanisms, and efficacy. Both mineral-based and vegetable-based lubricants exhibit analogous friction-wear dynamics, but their compatibility with additives differs, resulting in distinct synergistic packages. Blended base oils’ compositional complexity significantly influences additive synergies, challenging conventional tribotest evaluations. The Uw parameter-based approach empowers the selection of optimal lubricant formulations, aiding in designing effective lubricant solutions by considering wear conditions, lubrication mechanisms, and additive compatibilities

]]> https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/analysis-of-the-energy-consumption-of-motorised-circular-saw-when-cutting-oil-palm-frond/ Tue, 05 Dec 2023 02:49:20 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/?p=13186 Existing pruning technique uses the sickle or chisel, manually or mechanically powered using small internal combustion engine. The current challenge of going for zero carbon emission for the oil palm industry requires the replacement of all internal combustion engines with battery powered electrical tools. It is important to reduce the force and power consumption of the cutting process which can affect the number of cuts made per battery charge. One efficient cutting process is the use of a circular saw which is widely adopted in the lumber processing but not in the oil palm harvesting. Cutting the oil palm fronds with a circular saw has never been studied before. In the paper, the mechanism of energy consumption in the circular saw-cutting process of oil palm fronds is studied, and the model of power (w) and work (J) is established. Comparing the test results with the theoretical values calculated by the model, indicating that no significant difference in cutting work model for the oil palm fronds (38<F<145, 0.72<R²<0.91, P<0.05) based on the different cutting conditions. The validated cutting energy equation is used in the optimisation of the cutting process of a 100 mm base wide of an oil palm frond resulting in the minimum cutting energy of 330 J for rotational speed of 1000 rpm and feed rate of 10 mm/s.

]]> https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/experimental-investigations-on-tribological-assessment-and-nox-emissions-of-palm-biodiesel-blended-with-oleic-acid-and-ethanol/ Tue, 09 Jan 2024 23:32:26 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/?p=13253 Tribological behaviour of biodiesel should be investigated to get confidence for long-term engine usage. Also, the higher nitrous oxide (NOx) level from the biodiesel-fueled engine is observed. Tribological assessment and engine performance of lower blends of palm biodiesel (B10, B20) are available in the literature. Due to limited reserves of fossil fuels, the demand for biodiesel is increasing day by day. To fulfil this demand, the higher blends of biodiesel (such as B80, B90) should be investigated. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the tribological and NOx assessment of the higher blends of palm biodiesel. Palm biodiesel was produced by transesterification and blended with oleic acid (OA) and ethanol (E). Biodiesel blends such as 100% biodiesel (B100), 80% biodiesel + 20% oleic acid (B80OA20), 90% (80% biodiesel + 20% oleic acid) + 10% ethanol (B80OA20E10), 90% biodiesel+10% oleic acid (B90OA10), and 95% (90% biodiesel + 10% oleic acid) + 5% ethanol (B90OA10E5) were prepared. Pin on disc machine was used for tribological study and diesel engine was used for NOx analysis. Nearly 40% reduction in wear and 48% reduction in friction were observed for B80OA20 compared to B90OA10, while B90OA10E5 exhibited the lowest frictional force among all the test fuels. During tribological assessment, two blends B80OA20 and B80OA20E10 showed satisfactory performance and were further studied for NOx analysis. Also, these two blends lower NOx emissions by 12% and 2%, respectively, compared to B100.

]]> https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/investigation-of-palm-fatty-acid-distillate-oil-as-an-alternative-to-petrochemical-based-lubricants/ Sat, 13 Nov 2021 07:48:48 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/V2/?p=8941 The development and application of new sources of lubricant/hydraulic oils for industrial use are rapidly increasing. This study investigated the lubricant and hydraulic properties of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) as a new, environmental-friendly and renewable source of lubricant and hydraulic oil in different loads and in a standard industrial manufacturing condition. A four-ball tribotester, digital microscope, charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and viscosity meter were used for the investigation. The experiments were done at constant speed (1200 rpm), temperature (75°C) and at running time (60 min), and under five different loading means, 200, 300, 392, 500 and 600 N. The main physical properties of PFAD: antiwear, anti-friction, flash temperature parameter, the coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter, viscosity and extreme pressure condition, were measured and the results obtained were compared to the physical properties of mineral lubricant/hydraulic oil. The results show that the PFAD oil has more lubricant abilities with regard to friction and wear than the commercial engine and hydraulic oils at various loadings.

]]>