https://jopr.mpob.gov.my Fri, 28 Mar 2025 10:58:18 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/chemical-properties-and-biocompatibility-of-microcrystalline-cellulose-reinforced-denture-base-resin-material-an-in-vitro-study/ Fri, 28 Mar 2025 10:58:18 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/?p=14353 This study aimed to determine the chemical functional groups and cytotoxicity level of denture base resin (DBR) material reinforced with oil palm based microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) at different concentrations. Three MCC-reinforced polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) specimens were compared with conventional and commercially available high-impact PMMA. The test groups were represented by adding various MCC and acrylic polymer concentrations. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to compare the chemical structure of the specimen groups. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by filter diffusion test. Extracts from study groups were tested using the MTT assay protocol for cell viability and proliferation with normal human oral fibroblast (NHOF). The FTIR analysis showed that good bonding between MCC OPEFB and PMMA as the functional group strength was reliable in cellulose-treated PMMA. The analysis also confirmed high integrity and successful grafting between the two. Cell viability assays showed that exposure of NHOF to polymer-MCC mixture eluates did not promote cell death or considerable toxic impacts. Suitably processed oil palm-based MCC-reinforced DBR can improve the bonding and integrity of the composite material without compromising its biocompatibility leading to the development of reinforced DBR with enhanced microstructural and chemical properties.

]]> https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/solid-state-characteristics-of-microcrystalline-cellulos-from-oil-palm-empty-fruit-bunch-fibre/ Sat, 13 Nov 2021 15:29:19 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/V2/?p=9288 Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are one of the by-products generated from palm oil mills. They consist mainly of lignocellulosic compounds, namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose, in particular, constitutes about 37% (dry weight) of the EFB, and is a compound with high value and can be exploited for the benefit of the palm oil industry.
In this study, an attempt to prepare microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from the isolated EFB-cellulose was carried out. The MCC was prepared by controlled acid hydrolysis of the isolated a-cellulose which attacked the amorphous region, and was followed by the back neutralization process with alkali. The structural properties of the cellulose and MCC were studied by Fourier Transformed Infra-red Spectrometry (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction methods. The FTIR spectrum of MCC from EFB was identical to that of the commercial MCC as well as the cellulose which showed comparable presence of C-O-C, C-C, O-H, and C-H bands. However, a broad peak at 3329 cm^-1 was observed from the EFB-cellulose due to absorption vibration of the hydroxyl groups. The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed a low degree of order for EFB-cellulose and a relatively ordered structure for EFB-MCC. Two peaks of diffraction angles ranging between 19º and 23º were observed in the EFB-MCC, indicating the presence of a small percentage of cellulose II. The commercial MCC had a highly ordered structure compared to EFB-MCC as indicated by the presence of a single peak at 22.5º.

]]> https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/physico-chemical-and-conductivity-studies-of-microcrystalline-cellulose-mcc-extracted-from-oil-palm-fronds-as-a-susceptible-filler-in-pla-litfsi-polymer-electrolyte/ Fri, 12 Nov 2021 07:34:52 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/V2/?p=8499 The journey for sustainable solutions in the environment to create safe, cheap and assessable materials in society requires the use of more plant-based natural fibres in the industry. In this work, the acid hydrolysis process was adopted to isolate organosolv-microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from oil palm fronds (OPF). Complementary analyses such as cross polarisation/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/ MAS 13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed extracted MCC bear a resemblance to commercial-MCC. Polymer solution casting technique was adopted to prepare different ratios of MCC-polylactic acid (PLA)-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) solid polymer electrolytes and electrical conductivities of polymer electrolyte films were investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). BO5 (organosolv-MCC-PLA-20 wt% LiTFSI) showed the maximum ionic conductivity of 1.25 x 10-5 S cm-1, while 5 wt% 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) ionic liquid added revealed a positive effect of BMIMCl on the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte yielding a higher conductivity of 2.3 x 10-5 S cm-1.

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