sludge – Journal of Oil Palm Research https://jopr.mpob.gov.my Wed, 17 Nov 2021 03:08:05 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 SURFACE ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF PALM OIL WITH RESPECT TO THE PROCESSING OF PALM OIL https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/surface-active-properties-of-palm-oil-with-respect-to-the-processing-of-palm-oil/ Sat, 13 Nov 2021 15:42:35 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/V2/?p=9367 The supernatant sludge from the palm oil mill was determined to be surface active from surface tension measurement. In crude palm oil (CPO)/ sludge supernatant, the interfacial tension was determined to be 3 mN m-1 which is favourable for the formation of oil droplets in the CPO slurry.

The refined oil / water systems have higher interfacial tension compared to the CPO / water system. Depending on whether the CPO is chemically or physically refined, the oil/water interfacial tension differs and can be as high as 25.6mN m-1 and 12.7mN m-1 respectively compared to an interfacial tension of 8.00 mN m-1 in the CPO/water system. The higher interfacial tension value indicates more efficient removel of surface active compounds from the chemically refined oil. This may have great implications in the quality and utilization of palm oil in food processing.

The interfacial tension values of the partially refined oils as sampled from various points of refining were found to increase as the oil is processed. In view of this increase, interfacial tension could possibly be used as a process control parameter in the refining of CPO.

Lecithin and monoglycerides were determined to significantly reduce the interfacial tension at the refined palm oil/ water interface. Some of the common minor constituents found in CPO such as carotene, diglycerides, fatty acids and cholesterol did not show surface activity at the refined palm oil /water interface.

]]> CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OIL DROPLETS FROM PALM OIL MILL SLUDGE https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/chemical-composition-of-oil-droplets-from-palm-oil-mill-sludge/ Sat, 13 Nov 2021 14:54:31 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/V2/?p=9117 Oil droplets from the centrifuge sludge of a palm oil mill were separated by high speed centrifugation, dried and extracted with organic solvents, methanol and chloroform. The oil droplets (73 wt %) was solvent extractable. The extract was determined to consist of 84 wt % neutral lipids and 14 wt % of complex lipids (6 wt% glycolipids and 10 wt% phospholipids). The neutral lipids consisted of 83% triglycerides, 8% diglycerides, 0.5% monoglycerides and 8.0% free fatty acids.

Five types of glycolipids were determined and identified as digalactosyl diglycerides (22%), steryl glycosides (17%), cerebroside (9%), monogalactosyl diglycerides (20%) and esterified steryl glycoside (26%). Five types of phospholipids were determined and identified. They were phosphatidylethanolamine (21%), phosphatidylglycerol (37%), phosphatidylcholine (17%) and phosphatidylserine together with phosphatidylinositol at 11%. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were the major fatty acids found in the lipids.

The oil droplets found in the sludge were not unruptured oil droplets inherent in ripe mesocarp or young palm fruits. From the chemical analysis of the lipids associated with the oil droplets, it was deduced that oil droplets from the sludge are indeed formed in the milling process and possibly stabilized by the surface active agents of mainly phospholipids and glycolipids. The relatively high concentration of such biosurfactant in the oil droplets may have commercial potential as a value-added resource from the palm oil milling process.

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