triacylglycerol – Journal of Oil Palm Research https://jopr.mpob.gov.my Thu, 26 Dec 2024 03:52:44 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 DETERMINATION OF TRIACYLGLYCEROL COMPOSITION AND ITS CONTENT IN REFINED AND FRACTIONATED PALM OIL BY USING LC-MS/MS WITH MULTIPLE NEUTRAL LOSS SCAN https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/determination-of-triacylglycerol-composition-and-its-content-in-refined-and-fractionated-palm-oil-by-using-lc-msms-with-multiple-neutral-loss-scan/ Mon, 11 Sep 2023 07:00:58 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/?p=13092 Palm oil is widely consumed as an edible vegetable oil in many countries. Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the main component of palm oil, and its composition and contents have been extensively linked with physical and chemical properties. However, the identification and quantitation of TAGs is a challenge due to the complexity of the TAG molecule. This study employed LC-MS/MS with multiple neutral loss scans (NLS) to analyse TAG composition and contents in refined and fractionated palm oil. Identifying and quantifying TAGs using LC-MS/MS in combination with multiple-NLS was an efficient way to improve accuracy and timeliness. For accurate quantification of TAGs, isotopic deconvolution and the adjustment factor were applied. A total of 31 TAGs were identified and quantified, and C50:1 (16:0/16:0/18:1) (20.5%-36.0%), C52:2 (16:0/18:1/18:1) (17.8%-25.0%), C52:3 (16:0/18:1/18:2) (7.8%-12.2%), C48:0 (16:0/16:0/16:0) (0.4%-17.4%), and C52:1 (16:0/18:0/18:1) (4.1%-9.3%) were the predominant TAGs depending on refined and fractionated palm oil. The obtained information has been elucidated concerning the fundamental properties of refined and fractioned palm oil, such as hardness and degree of oxidation.

]]> REGULATION OF TRIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHESIS IN OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis) AND OLIVE (Olea europaea) CALLUS CULTURES https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/regulation-of-triacylglycerol-synthesis-in-oil-palm-elaeis-guineensis-and-olive-olea-europaea-callus-cultures/ Sat, 13 Nov 2021 15:38:31 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/V2/?p=9335 We have been using callus cultures as convenient model systems to understand any step where regulation of flux control in the triacylglycerol biosynthesis pathway may be important in two major oil-rich fruits, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and olive (Olea europaea). Top-down metabolic control analysis (TDCA) has been used to address the question of where possible control step(s) in the lipid biosynthesis pathway are located. With this method, lipid metabolism is conceptually divided into blocks of reactions and these are manipulated to see the effect on a key intermediate. We initially measured changes in the overall flux of carbon from [1-14C]acetate as modified by temperature in oil palm and olive callus cultures. A doubling of lipid synthesis with a 10ºC rise from 20ºC to 30ºC did not, however, cause much change in radioactivity incorporation into the acylthioester pools, acyl-CoAs and acyl-ACPs. This suggested that de novo fatty acid synthesis reactions exerted higher control than complex lipids assembly via Kennedy pathway.

Reactions of the Kennedy pathway were examined in more detail in oil palm callus cultures. By using microsomal fractions pre-pared from such cultures, we showed that radioactivity from [U-14C]glycerol 3-phosphate was effectively incorporated into intermediates of the Kennedy pathway and that the changes in radioactivity caused by temperature manipulation reflected well the endogenous lipid pool levels. Stimulation of triacylglycerol synthesis at 30ºC was accompanied by slight increases in diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. This indicates that at higher rates of triacylglycerol synthesis, specific enzymes of the Kennedy pathway may become more limiting.

]]> LOW-TEMPERATURE DIRECTED INTERESTERIFICATION INCREASES TRIUNSATURATED AND TRISATURATED TRIACYLGLYCEROLS OF PALM OIL AND AFFECTS ITS THERMAL, POLYMORPHIC AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/low-temperature-directed-interesterification-increases-triunsaturated-and-trisaturated-triacylglycerols-of-palm-oil-and-affects-its-thermal-polymorphic-and-microstructural-properties/ Fri, 12 Nov 2021 23:52:47 +0000 https://jopr.mpob.gov.my/V2/?p=8596 Directed interesterification (DIE) is an interesterification technique performed at a sufficiently low temperature to allow higher melting triacylglycerols (TAG) to crystallise out as they are formed during the reaction. Thus, DIE is an excellent tool for changing the TAG composition of oils and fats and consequently extends their applications. DIE converts liquid oils into plastic fats, reduces the formation of graininess and improves the plasticity of lard, and increases the unsaturation level of the olein fraction of fats. This study explored the possibility of using lipase-catalysed DIE (EDIE) as a ‘green’ technique to produce palm oil (PO) which is high in triunsaturated (U3) and trisaturated (S3) TAG, which in turn, when fractionated, produce an olein fraction which is high in unsaturated (especially, oleic acid) and a stearin fraction that is high in saturated (especially, palmitic acid) fatty acids. EDIE resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in U3 and S3 TAG of PO, from 4.3% and 5.2% before EDIE to 27.6% and 31.9% after EDIE, respectively. The increased content of U3 and S3 TAG subsequently altered the physical properties of PO. Higher U3 TAG content led to an increase in the proportion of the low melting fraction of PO. Meanwhile, the melting point, solid fat content at all temperatures and the proportion of high melting fraction of PO show to increase following the rise in S3 TAG after EDIE. A differential scanning calorimetry melting curve showed that the low and high melting fractions of EDIE PO were distinctively separated, indicating ease of fractionation. EDIE also increased the proportion of β crystals in PO. Thus, its microscopic structure showed dense crystal aggregates with a coarse plate-like and orderly packed structure.

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