RESEARCH ARTICLE

Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 34 (4) December 2022, p. 629-642

CELL WALL-GLYCOLIPIDS PROFILING OF OIL PALM ROOTS DURING Ganoderma boninense INFECTION USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHYMASS SPECTROMETRY

ALEXANDER, A1 ; ABDULLAH, S2 ; DAYOU, J3 and CHONG, K P4 *

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2022.0013
Received: 2 June 2020   Accepted: 3 December 2021   Published Online: 15 February 2022
ABSTRACT

Better understanding of the cell wall (CW)-glycolipids changes associated with basal stem rot (BSR) disease is essential for identifying the pathogen-host interaction to improve management and diagnostic measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the CW changes in the glycolipids profile of oil palm roots during G. boninense infection. We carried out lipidomic analysis of glycolipids fractionated from CW-lipids of oil palm seedlings artificially infected (AI) with G. boninense. Oil palm roots were harvested at three (first interval) and six months (second interval) post-AI from infected and control (uninfected) seedlings and were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based global lipidomic analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) confirmed 11 impaired glycolipids (six in the first and five in the second interval) associated to cell-signalling and break down of energy. Pyruvate metabolism and glycolysis or gluconeogenesis are the most perturbed pathways during the pathogenesis as revealed by pathway impact analysis. The possible utilisation of the glycolipids as biomarkers for diagnostic of Ganoderma infection was authenticated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The current research suggests five glycolipids [Phosphatidylcholine (PC)(6:0/0:0), PC(2:0/2:0), Phosphatidic Acid (PA)(18:4(6Z,(Z,12Z,15Z)/0:0), PA(14:0/ 0:0) and γ-linolenic acid] as the potential biomarkers which may be further investigated for the early detection of BSR.

KEYWORDS:


1 Agrifert Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., Unit 11.01,
Level 11, Mercu 2, No. 3, Jalan Bangsar,
KL Eco City, 59200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

2 Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS,
88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

3 Vibration and Sound Research Group (e-VIBS),
Faculty of Science and Natural Resources,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS,
88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

4 Biotechnology Programme,
Faculty of Science and Natural Resources,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author e-mail: chongkp@ums.edu.my