The viability of integrating biodiesel as a renewable energy source in land and maritime transport systemsis promising, given its compatibility with extant fossil fuel infrastructures. However, the corrosivity ofbiodiesel towards metallic components in fuel distribution and storage facilities has emerged as a criticalconcern. This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the corrosion behaviour of metals in contactwith biodiesel, elucidating the underlying mechanisms driving this phenomenon from the perspective ofbiodiesel processing and storage facilities. It further assesses methodologies for corrosion quantification andinvestigates the comparative corrosiveness of biodiesel relative to traditional diesel. Contributing factorssuch as biodiesel’s affinity for moisture, the presence of oxygen, the potential for microbial proliferation, andthe production of corrosive by-products through auto-oxidation are critically analysed. This article aims toprovide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research concerning the compatibility of biodieselwith its processing and storage infrastructure, emphasising the role of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) as botha corrosion barrier and a means of mechanical reinforcement.