RESEARCH ARTICLE

Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 13 No. 2, December 2001, p. 23-32

GEOMETRICAL ISOMERS OF THE MAJOR PROVITAMIN A PALM CAROTENES, α- AND β-CAROTENES IN THE MESOCARP OIL OF FRESH AND STERILIZED PALM FRUITS, CRUDE PALM OIL AND PALM CAROTENE-BASED PRODUCTS: RED PALM OLEIN AND CAROTENE CONCENTRATES

BONNIE TAY Yen Ping* ; CHOO Yuen May* ; GWENDOLINE EE Cheng Lian ** ; GOH Swee Hock+

ABSTRACT

Polymeric C30 reversed-phased (RP) liquid chromatography (LC) columns were used to identify the geometrical isomers of the major carotenes from the mesocarp oil of fresh (MOFPF) and sterilized palm fruits (MOSPF), crude palm oil (CPO) and palm carotene-based products (red palm olein [RPOo] and carotene concentrates). In MOFPF, the isomers of β-carotene were all trans, 13-cis, 13′-cis and 9-cis and the isomers of β-carotene all trans and 13-cis. MOSPF had similar geometrical isomers plus two unidentified cis α-and β-carotenes. CPO had the geometrical isomers of MOSPF plus 9-cis- β-carotene. The isomer profiles of carotenoid extracts from RPOo and carotene concentrates (CC1 and CC2) had similar patterns to that of CPO. The percentage compositions of total cis-isomers of a – and b -carotene in MOFPF, MOSPF, CPO, RPOo, CC1 and CC2 were 18.2%, 44.9%, 43.5%, 45.4%, 55.9%, and 38.8%, respectively.

KEYWORDS:


* Malaysian Palm Oil Board,
P.O. Box 10620, 50720 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

** Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Environment,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

+ Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong,
52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.