ARTICLE IN PRESS

BATCH SYSTEM CLARIFICATION OF TWO VARIETIES OF PALM OIL: KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS

EDNA TAH1; GODLOVE NFOR NJESHU2; DIVINE NDE BUP1*; CERILE WOUMBO3; ALIX NTONGME MBOUKAP3 and HILAIRE WOMENI3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2024.0007
Received: 4 April 2023   Accepted: 14 November 2023   Published Online: 23 January 2024
ABSTRACT

The kinetics and thermodynamics of palm oil clarification, a major and critical unit operation along the palm oil chain especially at local levels, were studied in this work. The effects of temperature, oil/water ratio, and stirring speed on oil yield were investigated. No significant difference in oil yield with respect to temperature was observed for the dura variety while for the tenera variety oil yield decreased with an increase in temperature. Increase in oil water ratio significantly (p<0.05) increased oil yield for both varieties. Optimum clarification conditions for both varieties were established as temperature of 80°C, oil/water ratio of 1:2, 30 min settling time and a stirring speed of 95 rpm. These conditions gave oil clarification yields of 73.33% and 90.39% for dura and tenera, respectively. The kinetics of palm oil clarification was modelled using a modified Newton and Lewis equation and the Peleg’s model. The thermodynamic study gave enthalpy change (ΔH) values of -1809.87 kJ/mol and -17182.54 kJ/mol for dura and tenera variety respectively showing that the clarification process is exothermic. The corresponding values for entropy change (ΔS) were negative while free energy changes (ΔG) were positive indicating the process is random, non-spontaneous and irreversible.

KEYWORDS:


1 Department of Nutrition,
Food and Bio-resource Technology,
College of Technology,
The University of Bamenda, Cameroon.

2 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering,
College of Technology,
The University of Bamenda, Cameroon.

3 Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science,
University of Dschang, Cameroon.

* Corresponding author e-mail: divinende@gmail.com