ARTICLE IN PRESS

FIELD EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICALLY CHARACTERISED NORMAL AND OFF-TYPE OIL PALM PLANTLETS REGENERATED VIA SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS

KARYANTI1*; DWINITA WIKAN UTAMI2; HAYAT KHAIRIYAH1; FARIDA ROSANA MIRA3; CATUR SRIHERWANTO4; TATI SUKARNIH3; YAYAN RUDIYANA3; ANDI ROCHANDI3; FAJAR PRAKOSO MAWASID5 and CAHYO SRI WIBOWO5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2025.0053
Received: 18 December 2024   Accepted: 28 August 2025   Published Online: 29 October 2025
ABSTRACT

Somatic embryogenesis is a key technique for oil palm clonal propagation. This study assessed the regenerative capacity of embryoids and monitored the growth of plantlets, classified as normal or off-type, up to fruiting in the field. Young leaf explants were cultured to induce callus, which developed into embryoids and subsequently regenerated into plantlets. Callus induction rate among virescen clones ranged from 5.91%- 19.92%, with embryoid induction rate between 6.35% and 31.94%. Regeneration rates varied, and 4.62% of plantlets exhibited off-type traits, including heights of 8-10 cm, stem diameters exceeding 4 mm, dark green pigmentation, grass-like morphology, more than five leaves, and wrinkled leaves. A total of 2,906 seedlings (2,518 normal and 388 off-type) were planted. After five to six years, all plants produced normal fruit without mantling. The findings demonstrate that virescent off-type plantlets, often discarded due to mantling concerns, can develop normal phenotypes – challenging the common culling practice. Retaining off-type plantlets may enhance seedling production efficiency.

KEYWORDS:


1 Research Centre for Estate Crops,
BRIN, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia.

2 Research Centre for Horticulture,
BRIN, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia.

3 Directorate for Laboratory Management,
Research Facilities and Science Technology Park,
BRIN, Banten 10340, Indonesia.

4 Research Centre for Applied Microbiology,
BRIN, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia.

5 PT Astra Agro Lestari Tbk.,
Pulogadung Industrial Estate,
East Jakarta 13930, Indonesia.

* Corresponding author e-mail: kary005@brin.go.id