Palm monoethanolamide (PMEA) was synthesized by direct transamidation of palm oil with monoethanolamine of temperatures between 80-160°C. The maximum yield (85.5%) was achieved at a palm oil/monoethanolamine mole ratio of 1:3, temperature of 160°C, reaction time of 3 hours and catalyst concentration of 0.6%. Recrystallization using a combination of hot hexane and warm water were […]

When assesing oil palm productivity over periods of less than a year, the direct use of bunch harvest data, normally available as monthly totals of FFB yield is inadequate as much of the dry matter in a bunch may be formed prior to the month of harvest. Also, as is widely recognized, the higher energy […]