ARTICLE IN PRESS

PUTATIVE HEAVY METAL-TOLERANT Azotobacter AND Pseudomonas FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME): PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOFERTILISER TRAITS

ERNITHA PANJAITAN1*; EBSAN MARIHOT SIANIPAR1; SRI PRATIWI ARITONANG1,2 and RIZKY YUDHA PRATAMA3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2026.0043
Received: 19 September 2025   Accepted: 27 August 2026   Published Online: 16 October 2026
ABSTRACT

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a nutrient-rich agro-industrial byproduct harbouring diverse microbial communities. This study aimed to isolate and characterise putative heavy metal-tolerant and plant growthpromoting (PGPR) bacteria from POME. Bacterial isolates were obtained using nitrogen-free Ashby agar and tryptic soy agar (TSA). Genus-level identification was based on colony morphology and selective growth characteristics. Hemolytic activity, heavy metal tolerance to Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺, Cd²⁺ removal efficiency, and indole- 3-acetic acid (IAA) production were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Five morphologically distinct isolates were obtained, tentatively assigned to the genera Azotobacter (three isolates) and Pseudomonas (two isolates). Most isolates exhibited γ-hemolysis, while one isolate showed β-hemolysis. All isolates demonstrated growth at 115 mg/L Pb²⁺ and 11 mg/L Cd²⁺ in agar-based assays. In liquid culture containing 15 mg/L Cd²⁺, removal efficiencies exceeded 98%. IAA production ranged from 44.15 to 74.91 μg/mL in tryptophan-supplemented medium. These findings indicate that POME may serve as a source of putative heavy metal-tolerant and IAA-producing bacteria. However, molecular identification, expanded biosafety evaluation and soil-based validation studies are required to confirm their applicability in bioremediation and sustainable agriculture.

KEYWORDS:


1 Department of Agrotechnology,
Faculty of Agriculture,
Universitas Methodist Indonesia,
Jl. Harmonika Baru, Pasar II Tanjung Sari,
Medan 20131, Indonesia.

2 Diploma Program in Chemistry,
Faculty of Vocational,
Universitas Sumatera Utara,
Medan 20155, Indonesia.

3 Department of Biology,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Universitas Sumatera Utara,
Jalan Bioteknologi No. 1, Kampus USU,
Medan 20155, Indonesia.

* Corresponding author e-mail: ernitha2005@yahoo.co.id