RESEARCH ARTICLE

Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 31 (1) March 2019, p. 95-109

LOW-TEMPERATURE DIRECTED INTERESTERIFICATION INCREASES TRIUNSATURATED AND TRISATURATED TRIACYLGLYCEROLS OF PALM OIL AND AFFECTS ITS THERMAL, POLYMORPHIC AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES

NOOR LIDA HABI MAT DIAN*; LEE YEE YING**; NIK MOHD AZNIZAN NIK IBRAHIM*; NORAZURA AILA MOHD HASSIM*; SAW MEI HUEY*; TAN CHIN PING‡ and LAI OI MING‡‡

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2018.0046
Published Online: 13 February 2019
ABSTRACT

Directed interesterification (DIE) is an interesterification technique performed at a sufficiently low temperature to allow higher melting triacylglycerols (TAG) to crystallise out as they are formed during the reaction. Thus, DIE is an excellent tool for changing the TAG composition of oils and fats and consequently extends their applications. DIE converts liquid oils into plastic fats, reduces the formation of graininess and improves the plasticity of lard, and increases the unsaturation level of the olein fraction of fats. This study explored the possibility of using lipase-catalysed DIE (EDIE) as a ‘green’ technique to produce palm oil (PO) which is high in triunsaturated (U3) and trisaturated (S3) TAG, which in turn, when fractionated, produce an olein fraction which is high in unsaturated (especially, oleic acid) and a stearin fraction that is high in saturated (especially, palmitic acid) fatty acids. EDIE resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in U3 and S3 TAG of PO, from 4.3% and 5.2% before EDIE to 27.6% and 31.9% after EDIE, respectively. The increased content of U3 and S3 TAG subsequently altered the physical properties of PO. Higher U3 TAG content led to an increase in the proportion of the low melting fraction of PO. Meanwhile, the melting point, solid fat content at all temperatures and the proportion of high melting fraction of PO show to increase following the rise in S3 TAG after EDIE. A differential scanning calorimetry melting curve showed that the low and high melting fractions of EDIE PO were distinctively separated, indicating ease of fractionation. EDIE also increased the proportion of β crystals in PO. Thus, its microscopic structure showed dense crystal aggregates with a coarse plate-like and orderly packed structure.

KEYWORDS:


* Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail: nlida@mpob.gov.my ** School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. ‡ Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. ‡‡ Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Releated

EFFECTS OF OXIDISED OILS ON INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANCER RISK – Review Article

The practice of using cooking oils that are heated repeatedly is common to reduce the expenses of food preparation. However, this will result in lipid peroxidation, which generates compounds that are toxic to human health. Prolonged consumption of oxidised oils may affect lipid metabolism, which generates free radicals and products that will lead to pro-inflammatory […]

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF CRUDE AND COLD ETHANOL PRECIPITATED PROTEIN FROM PALM KERNEL CAKE (PKC) AS POTENTIAL COSMECEUTICAL AGENT

Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product obtained from the production of edible oils using oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). PKC is well-known for its high protein content, therefore, it was chosen as the target of this research to study its antioxidant properties, which is an important criteria in cosmeceutical industry. Our studies showed that, the […]