Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 33 (1) March 2021, p. 119-128
PALM TOCOTRIENOLS CAUSE CLEAVAGE OF POLY-(ADP)-RIBOSE POLYMERASE ENZYME AND DOWN-REGULATION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 PROTEIN LEVEL IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2020.0082
Received: 8 November 2019 Accepted: 1 July 2020 Published Online: 7 October 2020
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women globally. The anti-cancer effects of various forms of vitamin E from palm oil [tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF): natural form of vitamin E complex in palm oil, tocotrienol-enriched fraction (TEF), and major vitamin E homologues in palm oil: a-tocopherol (aToc) and tocotrienols (T3) (a, d or g)] were tested on two human breast cancer cell lines [MDA-MB-231 (triple negative) and MCF-7 (oestrogen-dependent)]. Chronic inflammation plays a key role in tumourigenesis. Both cell lines used express high levels of poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2), which are key mediators of inflammation. Tocotrienols exerted marked anti-proliferative by promoting apoptosis in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. In addition, T3 also induced time-dependent inactivation of PARP-1 as well as inhibited expression of COX-2 in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The rate of T3 uptake was found to be comparable to the anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities observed. In conclusion, T3 induced marked anti-proliferative (p<0.05) and pro-apoptotic (p<0.05) effects, which were most l
KEYWORDS:FIGURES & TABLES:
* Malaysian Palm Oil Board,
6 Persiaran Institusi,
Bandar Baru Bangi,
43000 Kajang,
Selangor, Malaysia.
** School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health,
International Medical University,
Bukit Jalil,
55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
‡ Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Monash University Malaysia,
47500 Bandar Sunway,
Selangor, Malaysia.
E-mail: ammu.radhakrishnan@monash.edu